Endoscopic surgical instrument with a handle that can articulate with respect to the shaft

ABSTRACT

A surgical instrument particular suited to endoscopic use is disclosed. Various embodiments include an end effector that is sized to be inserted through a trocar. An elongated shaft assembly is coupled to the end effector and a control handle. The elongated shaft assembly has a distal portion that is adjacent to the effector for insertion into the trocar. The elongated shaft assembly further has a proximal portion that is remote from the distal portion such that the proximal portion protrudes from the trocar when the end effector and distal portion are inserted therethrough. The control handle is articulatably coupled to the proximal portion of said elongated shaft assembly to enable the surgeon to move the handle portion to a more ergonomically comfortable position while carrying out the endoscopic procedure. Various articulation joint embodiments and locking arrangements are disclosed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/066,839, entitled ENDOSCOPIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A HANDLE THAT CAN ARTICULATE WITH RESPECT TO THE SHAFT, filed Mar. 10, 2016, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0192916, which is a continuation application claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/820,820, entitled ENDOSCOPIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A HANDLE THAT CAN ARTICULATE WITH RESPECT TO THE SHAFT, filed Jun. 22, 2010, which issued on Mar. 22, 2016 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,289,225, which is a divisional application claiming priority under 35 U.S.C. § 121 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,547, entitled ENDOSCOPIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A HANDLE THAT CAN ARTICULATE WITH RESPECT TO THE SHAFT, filed Jan. 31, 2006, which issued on Jul. 13, 2010 as U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,904, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

The present application is also related to the following U.S. patent applications, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,498, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH USER FEEDBACK SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,766,210;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,573, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH LOADING FORCE FEEDBACK, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,416,101;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/344,035, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,422,139;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,447, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH ADAPTIVE USER FEEDBACK, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,770,775;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,562, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,568,603;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/344,024, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH MECHANICAL CLOSURE SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,186,555;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,321, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0175955;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,563, entitled GEARING SELECTOR FOR A POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING STAPLING INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0175951;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,803, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING RECORDING CAPABILITIES, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,845,537;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/344,020, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A REMOVABLE BATTERY, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,464,846;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,439, entitled ELECTRONIC LOCKOUTS AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCLUDING SAME, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,644,848;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/344,021, entitled ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING A ROTARY FIRING AND CLOSURE SYSTEM WITH PARALLEL CLOSURE AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,464,849;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,546, entitled DISPOSABLE STAPLE CARTRIDGE HAVING AN ANVIL WITH TISSUE LOCATOR FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT AND MODULAR END EFFECTOR SYSTEM THEREFOR, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0175950; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,545, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A FEEDBACK SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,708,213.

BACKGROUND

The present invention generally concerns endoscopic surgical instruments and, more particularly, powered endoscopic surgical instruments.

DRAWINGS

Various embodiments of the present invention are described herein by way of example in conjunction with the following figures, wherein like numeral may be used to describe like parts and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a surgical instrument embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is another perspective view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 1 with the end effector thereof inserted into a trocar;

FIG. 3 is an exploded assembly view of an end effector embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is another exploded assembly view showing an end effector, drive shaft assembly and elongated shaft assembly of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of and end effector and the distal portions of a drive shaft assembly and elongated shaft assembly of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the articulation joint of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an exploded assembly view of an elongated shaft assembly and drive shaft assembly of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an exploded assembly view of a control handle of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of an elongated shaft assembly and a drive shaft assembly of another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an exploded assembly view of the articulation joint of the drive shaft assembly depicted in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view of the drive shaft articulation joint and proximal and distal drive shaft portions of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 11A-B illustrate a torsion cable that may be employed at the articulation point between the distal and proximal drive shaft portions of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view of a locking assembly arrangement of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an end cross-sectional view of the locking assembly arrangement depicted in FIG.12;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a push button assembly of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an exploded assembly view of the pushbutton assembly of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a partial plan view of a locking assembly arrangement of various embodiments of the present invention, with some of the components shown in cross-section;

FIG. 17 is a front perspective view of a handle assembly that may be employed with various embodiments of the present invention with a portion of the housing removed to illustrate the components therein;

FIG. 18 is an exploded assembly view of a gear arrangement that may be employed in various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a side view of a drive arrangement that may be employed in connection with various embodiments of the present;

FIG. 20 is another side view of the drive arrangement of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 is a rear perspective view of the drive arrangement of FIGS. 19 and 20;

FIG. 22 is a front perspective view of the drive arrangement of FIGS. 19-21;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a surgical cutting and fastening instrument that can employ various end effector embodiments and staple cartridge embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a perspective view of an end effector embodiment of the present invention in a closed position;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the end effector of FIG. 24 in an open position;

FIG. 26 is an exploded assembly view of an end effector embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a cross sectional view of an end effector embodiment of the present invention supporting a staple cartridge therein with some of the components thereof omitted for clarity;

FIG. 28 is a partial top view of a staple cartridge that may be employed in connection with various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a partial cross-sectional view of a staple cartridge and end effector embodiment of the present invention illustrating the firing of staples into tissue clamped in the end effector;

FIG. 30 is a bottom perspective view of a portion of an end effector embodiment of the present invention supporting a staple cartridge therein;

FIG. 31 is a partial perspective view of an end effector embodiment of the present invention supporting a staple cartridge therein;

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a distal drive shaft portion of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of the distal drive shaft portion of FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of the distal drive shaft portion and closure nut with the closure nut in an open position;

FIG. 35 is another cross-sectional view of the distal drive shaft portion and closure nut with the closure nut in the closed position;

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a tapered clutch member of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of the tapered clutch member of FIG. 36;

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a clutch plate of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view of the clutch plate of FIG. 38;

FIG. 40 is a perspective view of a closure nut of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view of the closure nut of FIG. 40;

FIG. 42 is a side elevational view of various end effector embodiments of the present invention in an open position;

FIG. 43 is an enlarged partial cut away view of the end effector of FIG. 42;

FIG. 44 is another enlarged partial cutaway view of the end effector of FIG. 42;

FIG. 45 is a side elevational view of an end effector of the present invention in an open position clamping a piece of tissue therein;

FIG. 46 is an enlarged partial cut away view of the end effector of FIG. 45;

FIG. 47 is a side elevational view of various end effector embodiments of the present invention prior to being actuated to a closed position;

FIG. 48 is an enlarged partial cut away view of the end effector of FIG. 47;

FIG. 49 is a side elevational view of various end effector embodiments of the present invention in a closed position;

FIG. 50 is an enlarged partial cut away view of the end effector of FIG. 49;

FIG. 51 is another enlarged partial cut away view of the end effector of FIGS. 49 and 50;

FIG. 52 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIGS. 49-51 after the knife assembly has been driven to its distal-most position;

FIG. 53 is a cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIGS. 49-51;

FIG. 54 is a partial enlarged view of a portion of an end effector of the present invention;

FIG. 55 is a cross-sectional view of a control handle of various embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 56 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of another end effector embodiment of the present invention in an open position; and

FIG. 57 is a partial cross-sectional view of the end effector of FIG. 56 in a closed position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 and 2 depict a surgical stapling and severing instrument 10 that is capable of practicing the unique benefits of the present invention. The surgical stapling and severing instrument 10 comprises a handle 6, an elongated “shaft” or closure tube assembly 1000, and an end effector 12 that is operably coupled to the closure tube assembly 1000. In the illustrated embodiment, the end effector 12 is configured to act as an endocutter for clamping, severing and stapling tissue, although, in other embodiments, different types of end effectors may be used, such as end effectors for other types of surgical devices, such as graspers, cutters, staplers, clip appliers, access devices, drug/gene therapy devices, ultrasound, RF or laser devices, etc. While the surgical stapling and severing instrument 10 is depicted as a motor driven or “powered instrument”, as the present Detailed Description proceeds, the skilled artisan will appreciate that the unique and novel aspects of the present invention may also be effectively employed in connection with surgical stapling and severing instruments and still other endoscopic surgical instruments that employ mechanical (unpowered) systems for operating the end effector portion thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

The handle 6 of the instrument 10 may include a closure trigger 18 and a firing trigger 20 for actuating the end effector 12. It will be appreciated that instruments having end effectors directed to different surgical tasks may have different numbers or types of triggers or other suitable controls for operating an end effector. The end effector 12 includes in this example, among other things, a staple channel 22 and a pivotally translatable anvil 24, which are maintained at a spacing that assures effective stapling and severing of tissue clamped in the end effector 12. The handle 6 includes a pistol grip 26 toward which a closure trigger 18 is pivotally drawn by the clinician to cause clamping or closing of the anvil 24 toward the staple channel 22 of the end effector 12. The firing trigger 20 is farther outboard of the closure trigger 18. Once the closure trigger 18 is locked in the closure position as further described below, the firing trigger 20 may be pivotally drawn by the clinician to cause the stapling and severing of clamped tissue in the end effector 12.

It will be appreciated that the terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to a clinician gripping the handle 6 of an instrument 10. Thus, the end effector 12 is distal with respect to the more proximal handle 6. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical” and “horizontal” are used herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.

Closure trigger 18 may be actuated first. Once the clinician is satisfied with the positioning of the end effector 12, the clinician may draw back the closure trigger 18 to its fully closed, locked position proximate to the pistol grip 26. The firing trigger 20 may then be actuated. The firing trigger 20 returns to the open position (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) when the clinician removes pressure, as described more fully below. A release button 30 on the handle 6, and in this example, on the pistol grip 26 of the handle, when depressed may release the locked closure trigger 18.

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of one end effector 12 according to various embodiments. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the end effector 12 may include, in addition to the previously mentioned channel 22 and anvil 24, a knife and sled driving member 32, a staple cartridge 34, a helical screw shaft 36 and a bearing 38 that is attached to the channel structure 22. The anvil 24 may be pivotably connected to the channel 22 at a proximate pivot point. In one embodiment, for example, the anvil 24 includes laterally projecting pivot pins 25 at its proximal end that pivotally engage pivot apertures 23 formed near the proximal end of the channel 22. As will be discussed in further detail below, when the closure trigger 18 is actuated, that is, drawn in by a user of the instrument 10, the pivot pins 25 of the anvil 24 may pivot within the pivot apertures 23 in the channel 22 about the pivot point into the clamped or closed position. If clamping of the end effector 12 is satisfactory, the operator may actuate the firing trigger 20, which, as explained in more detail below, causes the knife/sled driving member 32 to travel along the channel 22, thereby cutting tissue clamped within the end effector 12.

FIG. 4 is an exploded assembly view of an elongated closure tube assembly 1000, a drive shaft assembly 1200 and an end effector 12 of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge 34 and distal portions of the elongated shaft assembly and the drive shaft assembly. FIG. 6 is another exploded assembly view of the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 and drive shaft assembly 1200. FIG. 7 illustrates the interface between the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 and the control handle 6. Turning to FIGS. 4 and 5, it can be seen that one embodiment of an elongated closure tube assembly 1000 includes a distal closure tube segment 1010 that has a “second” distal end 1012 and a “second” proximal end 1014.

In various embodiments, the distal closure tube segment 1010 has a U-shaped window 1016 in its distal end 1012. Such U-shaped window 1016 is adapted to engage an upstanding closure tab 27 formed on the anvil 24. See FIG. 4. Thus, when the distal closure tube segment 1010 is moved in the distal direction (arrow “A”), it contacts the closure tab 27 and causes the anvil 24 to pivot to a closed position. When the distal closure tube segment 1010 is moved in the proximal direction (arrow “B”) it contacts the closure tab 27 and causes the anvil 24 to pivot to an open position (away from the channel 22).

As can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 6, the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 further includes a proximal closure tube segment 1030 that has a proximal end 1032 and a distal end 1034. The proximal end 1032 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030 is articulatably coupled to the distal end 1014 of the distal closure tube segment 1010 by an articulation joint generally designated as 1050. More specifically and with reference to FIGS. 5A, 5B and 6, articulation joint 1050 comprises in various embodiments a first upper tab 1036 protruding from the distal end 1034 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030 and a first lower tab 1038 protruding from the distal end 1034 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030 in spaced relation to the first upper tab 1036. The first upper tab 1036 has a first upper pivot hole 1037 therethrough and the first lower tab 1038 has a first lower pivot hole 1039 therethrough that is coaxially aligned with the first upper hole 1037 in various embodiments. Similarly, the proximal end 1014 of the proximal shaft segment 1010 has a second upper tab 1020 protruding therefrom and a second lower tab 1022 protruding therefrom in spaced relation to the second upper tab 1020. The second upper tab 1020 has a second upper pivot hole 1021 therethrough and the second lower tab 1022 has a second lower pivot hole 1023 therethrough that is substantially coaxially aligned with the second upper pivot hole 1021. See FIG. 5B.

In various embodiments, the articulation joint 1050 further includes an upper double pivot link 1060 that has a first upper pin 1062 and a second upper pin 1064 protruding therefrom. The first upper pin 1062 is sized to be pivotally received in the first upper pivot hole 1037 and the second upper pin 1064 is sized to be pivotally received in the second upper pivot hole 1021. The upper double pivot link 1060 is retained in position between the proximal end 1014 of the distal closure tube segment 1010 and the distal end 1034 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030 by the proximal spine tube segment 1100 and the distal spine tube segment 1130. The articulation joint 1050 further includes a lower double pivot link 1070 that has a first lower pin 1072 and a second lower pin 1074 protruding therefrom. The first lower pin 1072 is sized to be pivotally received within the first lower pivot hole 1039 and the second lower pin 1074 is sized to be pivotally received in the second lower pivot hole 1023. See FIG. 5B. The lower double pivot link 1070 is retained in position between the proximal end 1014 of the distal closure tube segment 1010 and the distal end 1034 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030 by the proximal spine tube segment 1100 and the distal spine tube segment 1130.

When the upper double pivot link 1060 and the lower double pivot link 1070 are attached to the proximal end 1014 of the distal closure tube segment 1010 and the distal end 1034 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030, the first upper pin 1062 and the first lower pin 1072 are coaxially aligned along a first pivot axis D-D that, in various embodiments, may be substantially transverse to an elongated shaft axis C-C that extends through the elongated closure tube assembly 1000. See FIG. 5A. Likewise, the second upper pivot pin 1064 and the second lower pivot pin 1074 are coaxially aligned along a second pivot axis E-E. In various embodiments, the second pivot axis E-E is substantially transverse to the elongated shaft axis C-C and substantially parallel to the first pivot axis D-D. The reader will appreciate that such arrangement permits the proximal closure tube segment 1030 to pivot relative to the distal closure tube segment 1010 about pivot axes D-D and E-E.

As can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7, the proximal end 1032 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030 has an attachment groove formed around its circumference to enable it to be coupled to a carriage assembly 255 that is supported within the control handle 6 for imparting axial travel of the shaft assembly 1000 in the distal and proximal directions A, B respectively, as will be discussed in further detail below.

Various embodiments of the present invention further include an elongated spine tube assembly, generally designated as 1100 that extends through the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 to support various components of the drive shaft assembly 1200 therein. In various embodiments, the elongated spine tube assembly 1100 comprises a proximal spine tube segment 1110 that has a proximal end 1112 and a distal end 1114. The proximal end 1112 is adapted to be coupled to an attachment bar 260 located within the control handle 6 which will be discussed in further detail below.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, the distal end 1114 of the proximal spine tube segment 1110 has a lower pivot tab 1120 protruding therefrom, the purpose of which will be discussed in further detail below. As can also be seen in FIG. 6, the proximal spine tube segment 1110 has a first axially extending drive shaft hole 1116 extending therethrough for receiving a portion of the drive shaft assembly 1200 therein as will also be further discussed below.

The elongated spine assembly 1100 also includes a distal spine tube segment 1130 that has a proximal end 1132 and a distal end 1134. The distal spine tube segment 1130 has an axially extending drive shaft hole 1136 therethrough. The distal end 1134 of the distal spine tube segment 1130 is also constructed for attachment to the channel 22. In one embodiment, for example, the distal end 1134 of the distal spine tube segment 1130 may be formed with a pair of attachment columns 1138 that are adapted to be retainingly engaged in slots 29 formed in an end of the channel 22. See FIG. 3. The attachment columns 1138 may be retained within the slots 29 due to the distal spine segment 1130 being contained within the distal closure tube segment 1010 which forces both the channel 22 and the distal spine segment 1130 to always have the same centerline and such that the distal end 1134 of the proximal spine tube segment 1130 is rigidly coupled to the channel 22. The reader will understand that the elongated spine tube assembly 1100 is sized relative to the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 such that the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 can freely move axially thereon.

As can be seen in FIGS. 4-6, the drive shaft assembly 1200 is operably supported within the elongated spine tube assembly 1100 which is supported within the elongated closure tube assembly 1000. In various embodiments, the drive shaft assembly 1200 comprises proximate drive shaft portion 1202, a drive shaft articulation joint 1220 and a distal drive shaft portion 1210. The proximal drive shaft portion 1202 is sized to extend through the elongated drive shaft hole 1116 in the proximal spine tube segment 1110 and may be rotatably supported therein by a bearing 1203. The proximal drive shaft portion 1202 has a proximal end 1204 and a distal end 1206.

The distal drive shaft portion 1210 is sized to extend through the drive shaft hole 1136 in the distal spine tube segment 1130 and be rotatably supported therein by a bearing 1207. See FIG. 5B. The distal drive shaft 1210 has a proximal end 1212 and a distal end 1214. The distal end 1214 has a drive gear 1216 attached thereto that is in meshing engagement with a gear 56 attached to the helical screw shaft 36. See FIG. 5A.

In one embodiment depicted in FIGS. 4-6, the drive shaft articulation joint 1220 comprises a first proximal bevel gear 1222 attached to the distal end 1206 of the proximal drive shaft portion 1202. A clearance opening 1122 is provided through the first lower pivot tab 1120 to enable the first proximal bevel gear 1222 to rotate relative thereto. This embodiment of the drive shaft articulation joint 1220 further includes a first distal bevel gear 1224 attached to the proximal end 1212 of the distal drive shaft portion 1210. An opening 1137 is provided through the second lower pivot tab 1135 protruding from the proximal end 1132 of the distal spine tube segment 1130 to enable the first distal bevel gear 1224 to freely rotate relative to the second lower pivot tab 1135. Also in this embodiment, the drive shaft articulation joint 1220 comprises a central bevel gear 1226 that is mounted to a shaft 1228 that is pivotally mounted in pivot hole 1124 formed in the first lower pivot tab 1120 and a pivot hole 1124′ formed in the second lower pivot tab 1135. See FIG. 5B. The reader will appreciate that the shaft 1228 serves to pivotally couple the distal end 1114 of the proximal spine tube segment 1110 to the proximal end 1132 of the distal spine tube segment 1130. The central bevel gear 1226 is supported in meshing engagement with the first distal bevel gear 1224 and the first proximal bevel gear 1222 such that rotation of the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 is transmitted to the distal drive shaft portion 1210 through the drive shaft articulation joint 1220 while facilitating articulatable movement of the drive shaft assembly 1200 when the proximal closure tube segment 1030 of the elongated closure tube assembly 1000 is articulated relative to the distal closure tube segment 1010 thereof

FIGS. 8-10 illustrate an alternative drive shaft articulation joint 1300 that may be employed to facilitate substantial universal travel of the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 relative to the distal drive shaft portion 1210. The elongated closure tube assembly 1000 and the elongated spine tube assembly 1100 may be constructed and operate in the manner described above. Turning to FIGS. 8 and 10, in this embodiment, the first lower pivot tab 1120 on the proximal spine tube segment 1110 is pivotally coupled to the second lower pivot tab 1135 on the distal spine tube segment 1130 by a vertical pivot pin 1139. More specifically, the pivot pin 1139 is pivotally received with pivot hole 1124 in the first lower pivot tab 1120 and another pivot hole (not shown) in the second lower pivot tab 1135 to facilitate pivotal travel of the proximal spine tube segment 1110 relative to the distal spine tube segment 1130 about a pivot axis G-G which is defined by pivot pin 1139.

Also in this embodiment, the drive shaft articulation joint 1300 comprises universal joint 1310 that includes a central joint body 1312 that is pivotally coupled to a proximal yoke member 1314 and a distal yoke member 1316. As indicated in the above description, the distal end 1206 of the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 is rotatably supported in the proximal spine tube segment 1110 by a bearing 1203. The proximal yoke assembly 1314 is attached to the distal end 1206 of the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 and is constructed to pivotally receive a pair of proximal pivot pins 1318 that are attached to or otherwise formed in the central joint body 1312. Such proximal pivot pins 1318 facilitate pivotal travel of the central joint body 1312 relative to the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 about a proximal pivot axis H-H which may be substantially transverse to the elongated shaft axis C-C.

Similarly, the distal yoke member 1316 is attached to the proximal end 1212 of the distal drive shaft portion 1210. The distal yoke member 1316 is adapted to pivotally receive a pair of distal pivot pins 1320 attached to or otherwise formed in the central joint body 1312. Such distal pivot pins 1320 facilitate pivotal travel about a distal pivot axis I-I that is substantially transverse to the proximal pivot axis H-H and the elongated shaft axis C-C.

FIGS. 11A and 11B, illustrate yet another drive shaft articulation arrangement of the present invention that may be employed to facilitate substantial universal travel of the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 relative to the distal drive shaft portion 1210. In this embodiment, a torsion cable 1390 is attached between the proximal end 1212 of the distal drive shaft portion 1210 and the distal end 1206 of the proximal drive shaft portion 1210 to permit the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 to articulate relative to the distal drive shaft portion 1210.

Components of an exemplary closure system for closing (or clamping) the anvil 24 of the end effector 12 by retracting the closure trigger 18 are also shown in FIG. 7. In the illustrated embodiment, the closure system includes a yoke 250 connected to the closure trigger 18. A pivot pin 252 is inserted through aligned openings in both the closure trigger 18 and the yoke 250 such that they both rotate about the same point. The distal end of the yoke 250 is connected, via a pin 254, to a first portion 256 of the closure bracket 255. The first closure bracket portion 256 connects to a second closure bracket portion 258. Collectively, the closure bracket 255 defines an opening in which the proximal end 1032 of the proximal closure tube segment 1030 is seated and held such that longitudinal movement of the closure bracket 255 causes longitudinal motion by the proximal closure tube segment 1030 (and ultimately the elongated closure tube assembly 1000). The instrument 10 also includes a closure rod 260 disposed inside the proximal closure tube 1030. The closure rod 260 may include a window 261 into which a post 263 on one of the handle exterior pieces, such as exterior lower side piece 59 in the illustrated embodiment, is disposed to fixedly connect the closure rod 260 to the handle 6. In that way, the proximal closure tube segment 1030 is capable of moving longitudinally relative to the closure rod 260. The closure rod 260 may also include a distal collar 267 that fits into a cavity 1111 in the proximal end 1112 of the proximal spine tube segment 1110 and is retained therein by a cap 1113 (see FIGS. 6-8 and 12).

In operation, when the yoke 250 rotates due to retraction of the closure trigger 18, the closure bracket 255 causes the proximal closure tube segment 1030 to move proximately (i.e., toward the handle end of the instrument 10), which causes the distal closure tube segment 1010 to move proximately. Because the tab 27 extends through the window 45 of the distal closure tube segment 1010, the tab 27 causes the anvil to open when the distal closure tube moves proximately. When the closure trigger 18 is unlocked from the locked position, the proximal closure tube segment 1030 is caused to slide distally, which causes the distal closure tube segment 1010 to slide distally. The distal closure tube segment 1010 forces the anvil 24 closed by driving it distally by interacting with a closure lip 27′ that is distal to tab 27. Further closure is accomplished since the distal movement of the anvil 24 forces the anvil pin 25 to move distally up the cam slot 23 in the channel 22, creating compressive loads through this camming action and the hoop constraint of distal closure tube segment 1010 around the two parts. In that way, by retracting and locking the closure trigger 18, an operator may clamp tissue between the anvil 24 and the cartridge 34 mounted within the channel 22, and may unclamp the tissue following the cutting/stapling operation by unlocking the closure trigger 20 from the locked position.

As shown in FIG. 2, the end effector 12 and the distal end 1012 of the distal closure tube segment are sized to be inserted through a trocar assembly 900 into the patient. Such trocar assemblies are known in the art and therefore, its construction and operation are not discussed in detail herein. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,356, entitled METHOD FOR USING A TROCAR FOR PENETRATION AND SKIN INCISION, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety discloses various trocar assemblies. The reader will, of course, appreciate, however, that the various embodiments of the present invention may be effectively employed with a variety of different trocar, cannula, etc. arrangements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the various embodiments of the present invention and their equivalent structures should not in any way be limited to use with the specific type of trocar described herein by way of example.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, the trocar assembly 900 includes a cannula assembly 902 that is attached to a cannula housing 904. The end effector 12 and the distal end 1012 of the distal closure tube segment 1010 are sized to be inserted through the cannula housing 904 and cannula assembly 902 into the patient. Depending upon the procedure to be performed and the location of the organs to be operated on, various lengths of the distal closure tube segment 1010 may be inserted into the trocar 900. That portion of the closure tube assembly 1000 that is adapted to be inserted into the trocar 900 is referred to herein as the “distal portion” 1002 and could conceivably comprise substantially all of the distal closure tube segment 1010 up to the proximal end 1014 such that the articulation joint 1050 remains external to the trocar 900 and is operable to permit the surgeon or clinician to articulate the handle 6 relative to the distal portion 1002 in the trocar. The reader will further appreciate that the distal portion 1002 may comprise somewhat less than the entire length of the distal closure tube segment 1010. Thus, the various embodiments of the present invention enable the surgeon to articulate the handle 6 of the device 10 to a more ergonomically comfortable position during the operation about the pivot links 1060 and 1070.

Various embodiments of the present invention may also be provided with a locking system 1400 that would enable the surgeon to lock the handle in a desired position relative to the portion of the device inserted into the trocar 900. More specifically and with reference to FIGS. 12-15, one locking system embodiment may by supported within a rotatable housing assembly 1402 that is attached to the forward portion 7 of the handle 6. In various embodiments, the housing assembly 1402 may comprise a first housing segment 1404 and a second housing segment 1406 that are constructed to fit together to form the housing 1402. The housing segments 1404, 1406 may be formed from plastic and be constructed to be retained together by snapping arrangements and/or adhesive, screws, etc. As can be seen in FIG. 7, housing segment 1404 has an ring segment 1408 formed therein that is adapted to mate with a similar ring segment (not shown) that is formed in the interior of housing segment 1406 to form an annular ring assembly sized to be received in an annular groove 1410 formed in the forward portion 1412 of the handle 6. Such arrangement enables the housing assembly 1402 to be coupled to the handle 6 and be freely rotatable relative thereto.

As can be seen in FIGS. 12 and 13, the housing assembly 1402 houses an actuator assembly in the form of a push button assembly 1420. In various embodiments, the push button assembly 1420 may have a push button portion 1422 and a yoke portion 1424 attached thereto. As can be seen in FIG. 13, the push button portion 1422 is adapted to protrude through a hole 1414 formed in the housing 1402 and the yoke portion 1424 is slidably supported within a cavity 1416 formed in the housing 1402. The yoke portion 1424 has a pair of legs 1426, 1428 that are separated by an end brace 1430. As can also be seen in FIG. 13, the proximal closure tube segment 1030 is received between the legs 1426, 1428 such that the proximal closure tube segment 1030 can move axially therebetween on the proximal spine tube segment 1110. As can be seen in that Figure, the proximal drive shaft portion 1202 is movably supported within the axially extending hole 1116 in the proximal spin tube segment 1110.

As can be seen in FIGS. 12 and 13, a cable wheel 1440 is rotatably supported within a wheel cavity 1442 provided in the proximal spine tube segment 1110 and extends through an opening 1444 in the proximal closure tube segment 1030. Such arrangement permits the cable wheel 1440 to freely rotate in wheel cavity 1442. Cable wheel 1440 has an upper cable-receiving groove 1446 and a lower cable-receiving groove 1448 formed around its perimeter. A right tension cable 1450 is received within the lower cable-receiving groove and a left tension cable 1460 is received within the upper cable-receiving groove. The right tension cable 1450 is received within a first groove 1115 formed in the outer surface 1113 of the proximal spine tube segment 1110 and the left tension cable 1460 is received within a second groove 1117 formed in the outer surface 1113 of the proximal spine tube segment 1110. See FIG.16. The right tension cable 1440 has a distal end 1442 that is attached to the right side of the proximal end 1132 of the distal spine tube segment 1130 and a proximal end that is attached to the cable wheel 1440. Likewise, the left tension cable 1460 has a distal end 1462 that is attached to the left side of the proximal end 1132 of the distal spine tube segment 1130 and a proximal end that is attached to the cable wheel 1440. See FIG. 16. Thus, when the proximal closure tube segment 1030 and handle 6 is articulated relative to the distal closure tube segment 1010, the cable wheel 1440 is caused to rotate within the cable wheel cavity 1442 by virtue of tension cables 1450, 1460.

Various embodiments of the locking assembly also include a disengagable gear assembly 1470 for locking the cable wheel 1440 which ultimately prevents the proximal closure tube segment 1030 (and handle 6) from articulating relative to the distal closure tube segment 1010. More specifically and with reference to FIGS. 13-15, the disengagable gear assembly 1470 comprises a first gear 1472 that is attached to the cross brace 1430 on the push button assembly 1420. A second mating gear 1474 is attached to the end of the cable wheel 1440 and is adapted to be selectively meshed with the first fixed gear 1472. The first gear 1472 is biased into meshing engagement by a locking spring 1476 that is journaled on a retainer prong 1478 protruding from the cross brace 1430 and received within a spring cavity formed within the housing assembly. Spring 1476 serves to bias the first and second gears 1472, 1474 into meshing engagement with each other (e.g., in the “K” direction). When the user pushes the push button 1422 in the “L” direction, the first gear 1472 is moved out of meshing engagement with the second gear 1474 to thereby permit the second gear 1474 and cable wheel 1440 to which it is attached rotate.

The locking assembly 1420 may operate in the following manner. When the first and second gears 1472, 1474 are in meshing engagement as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the cable wheel 1440 cannot rotate and the right cable 1450 and left cable 1460 prevent the proximal closure tube 1030 (and handle) from articulating about the double pivot pins 1060, 1070 relative to the distal closure tube assembly 1010. To unlock the articulation joint 1050, the user pushes the push button 1422 inwardly to cause the first gear 1472 to disengage the second gear 1474. The user can then articulate the proximal closure tube segment 1030 (and handle 6) relative to the distal closure tube segment 1010. Aft the surgeon has articulated the handle 6 to the desired position, the push button 1422 is released and the first gear 1472 is biased into meshing engagement with the second gear 1474 to lock the articulation joint 1050 in that position. To provide the user with further flexibility, it will be understood that the housing assembly 1402 and the proximal closure tube segment 1030 and locking assembly 1420 may be rotated relative to the handle 6 to provide the user with additional flexibility.

FIGS. 17-22 illustrate one aspect of a motorized drive arrangement for powering the endocutter 10. Various other motorized drive arrangements such as those U.S. Patent Applications which have been herein incorporated by reference above in their entirety could also be effectively employed in various embodiments. As was also mentioned before, however, the unique and novel aspects of the present invention may also be practiced in connection with mechanically actuated surgical devices, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. As can be seen in FIG. 7 and FIGS. 17-22, one exemplary embodiment includes a gear box assembly 200 including a number of gears disposed in a frame 201, wherein the gears are connected between the planetary gear 72 and the pinion gear 124 at the proximal end 1204 of the proximal drive shaft portion 1202. As explained further below, the gear box assembly 200 provides feedback to the user via the firing trigger 20 regarding the deployment of the end effector 12. Also, the user may provide power to the system via the gear box assembly 200 to assist the deployment of the end effector 12.

In the illustrated embodiment, the firing trigger 18 includes two pieces: a main body portion 202 and a stiffening portion 204. The main body portion 202 may be made of plastic, for example, and the stiffening portion 204 may be made out of a more rigid material, such as metal. In the illustrated embodiment, the stiffening portion 204 is adjacent to the main body portion 202, but according to other embodiments, the stiffening portion 204 could be disposed inside the main body portion 202. A pivot pin 209 may be inserted through openings in the firing trigger pieces 202, 204 and may be the point about which the firing trigger 20 rotates. In addition, a spring 222 may bias the firing trigger 20 to rotate in a CCW direction. The spring 222 may have a distal end connected to a pin 224 that is connected to the pieces 202, 204 of the firing trigger 18. The proximate end of the spring 222 may be connected to one of the handle exterior lower side pieces 59, 60.

In the illustrated embodiment, both the main body portion 202 and the stiffening portion 204 includes gear portions 206, 208 (respectively) at their upper end portions. The gear portions 206, 208 engage a gear in the gear box assembly 200, as explained below, to drive the main drive shaft 48 and to provide feedback to the user regarding the deployment of the end effector 12.

The gear box assembly 200 may include as shown, in the illustrated embodiment, six (6) gears. A first gear 210 of the gear box assembly 200 engages the gear portions 206, 208 of the firing trigger 18. In addition, the first gear 210 engages a smaller second gear 212, the smaller second gear 212 being coaxial with a large third gear 214. The third gear 214 engages a smaller fourth gear 216, the smaller fourth gear being coaxial with a fifth gear 218. The fifth gear 218 is a 90° bevel gear that engages a mating 90° bevel gear 220 (best shown in FIG. 22) that is connected to the pinion gear 124 that drives the main drive shaft 48.

In operation, when the user retracts the firing trigger 18, a sensor (not shown) is activated, which may provide a signal to the motor 65 to rotate at a rate proportional to the extent or force with which the operator is retracting the firing trigger 18. This causes the motor 65 to rotate at a speed proportional to the signal from the sensor. The sensor could be located in the handle 6 such that it is depressed when the firing trigger 18 is retracted. Also, instead of a proportional-type sensor, an on/off type sensor may be used.

Rotation of the motor 65 causes the bevel gears 66, 70 to rotate, which causes the planetary gear 72 to rotate, which causes, via the drive shaft 76, the ring gear 122 to rotate. The ring gear 122 meshes with the pinion gear 124, which is connected to the proximal drive shaft portion 1202. Thus, rotation of the pinion gear 124 drives the drive shaft portion 1202, which transmits through the drive shaft articulation joint 1220 to the distal drive shaft portion 1210 which transmits to the shaft 36 through gears 1216 and 56 to thereby cause actuation of the cutting/stapling operation of the end effector 12.

Forward rotation of the pinion gear 124 in turn causes the bevel gear 220 to rotate, which causes, by way of the rest of the gears of the gear box assembly 200, the first gear 210 to rotate. The first gear 210 engages the gear portions 206, 208 of the firing trigger 20, thereby causing the firing trigger 20 to rotate CCW when the motor 65 provides forward drive for the end effector 12 (and to rotate CCW when the motor 65 rotates in reverse to retract the end effector 12). In that way, the user experiences feedback regarding deployment of the end effector 12 by way of the user's grip on the firing trigger 20. Thus, when the user retracts the firing trigger 20, the operator will experience a resistance related to the deployment of the end effector 12 and, in particularly, to the forward speed of the motor 65. Similarly, when the operator releases the firing trigger 20 after the cutting/stapling operation so that it can return to its original position, the user will experience a CW rotation force from the firing trigger 18 that is generally proportional to the reverse speed of the motor 65. The reader will appreciate however, that the unique and novel articulating handle arrangement of the present invention may be effectively employed in connection with a myriad of other powered endoscopic instruments, regardless of the particular handle configuration and/or method of transmitting power to the drive shaft assembly. Accordingly, the protections afforded to the various embodiments of the present invention should not be limited to the particular, motor/handle arrangement disclosed herein.

It will be appreciated from the foregoing discussion, that various embodiments of the present invention represent vast improvements over prior endoscopic instruments. In particular, various embodiments of the present invention permit the surgeon or clinician to effectively position the handle portion of the instrument relative to the other portion of the instrument that is inserted into the patient such that the handle is in a more ergonomically comfortable position and the position of the handle is not dictated by the position of the end effector.

FIG. 23 depicts a surgical cutting and fastening instrument 2010 that is capable of practicing various unique benefits of the end effectors and drive arrangements of the present invention. The surgical instrument 2010 depicted in FIG. 23 comprises a handle 2006, a shaft assembly 2008, and an articulating end effector 2300 pivotally connected to the shaft assembly 2008 at an articulation pivot 2014. In various embodiments, the control handle houses a drive motor 2600 and control system generally represented as 2610 therein for controlling the opening and closing of the end effector 2300 and the cutting and stapling of the tissue clamped therein. An articulation control 2016 may be provided adjacent to the handle 2006 to effect rotation of the end effector 2300 about the articulation pivot 2014. The handle 2006 of the instrument 2010 may include a closure trigger 2018 and a firing trigger 2020 for actuating the end effector 2300. The end effector 2300 is shown separated from the handle 2006 preferably by an elongate shaft 2008. In one embodiment, a clinician or operator of the instrument 2010 may articulate the end effector 2300 relative to a proximal portion of the shaft 2008 by utilizing the articulation control 2016, as described in more detail in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/329,020, filed Jan. 10, 2006, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AN ARTICULATING END EFFECTOR, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,670,334. Other articulation arrangements could also be employed.

As will be discussed in further detail below, various end effector embodiments include an anvil 2340, which is maintained at a spacing that assures effective stapling and severing of tissue clamped in the end effector 2300. In various exemplary embodiments, the handle 2006 may include a pistol grip 2026 towards which a closure trigger 2018 is pivotally drawn by the clinician to cause clamping or closing of the anvil 2340 toward cartridge 2500 seated in an elongate channel 2302 of the end effector 2300 to thereby clamp tissue positioned between the anvil 2340 and the staple cartridge 2500. A firing trigger 2020 may be situated farther outboard of the closure trigger 2018. In various embodiments, once the closure trigger 2018 is locked in the closure position as further described below, the firing trigger 2020 may rotate slightly toward the pistol grip 2026 so that it can be reached by the operator using one hand. Then the operator may pivotally draw the firing trigger 2020 toward the pistol grip 2026 to cause the stapling and severing of clamped tissue in the end effector 2300. Those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate however, that other handle and drive system arrangements may be successfully employed in connection with various embodiments described herein and their equivalent structures without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

It will be appreciated that the terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to a clinician gripping the handle 2006 of an instrument 2010. Thus, the end effector 2300 is distal with respect to the more proximal handle 2006. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical” and “horizontal” are used herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and absolute.

FIGS. 23-27 illustrate a unique and novel end effector 2300 of various embodiments of the present invention adapted for use with a staple cartridge 2500, the basic operation of which is known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,978,921, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN E-BEAM FIRING MECHANISM, provides more details about the construction of such staple cartridges.

In general, such staple cartridges 2500 include a cartridge body 2502 that is divided by a central, elongated slot 2508 which extends from the proximal end 2504 of the cartridge body 2502 towards its tapered outer tip 2506. See FIG. 26. The cartridge body 2502 may be fabricated from a polymeric material and be attached to a metal cartridge pan 2510. A plurality of staple-receiving pockets 2512 are formed within the cartridge body 2502 and are arranged in six laterally spaced longitudinal rows or “lines” of staples 2514, 2516, 2518, 2520, 2522, 2524. See FIG. 28. Positioned within the pockets 2512 are staple-supporting drivers 2532 which support staples 2534 thereon. Depending upon the location (line) of staple-receiving pockets 2512, the staple supporting drivers 2532 may support one or two staples 2530 thereon. The cartridge body 2502 further includes four longitudinal slots 2503, 2505, 2507, 2509 extending from its proximal end 2504 to its tapered outer tip 2506 for receiving corresponding sled cams 2328 formed on a wedge sled 2326 in the end effector 2300, the construction and operation of which will discussed in further detail below. See FIG. 27. As the sled cams 2328 are advanced through their respective slots 2503, 2505, 2507, 2509 in the cartridge body 2502 from proximal end 2504 to distal end 2506, they contact the staple-supporting drivers 2532 associated with those slots and force the staple-supporting drivers 2532 and the staples 2534 that they support upward out of the cartridge body 2502. See FIG. 29. As the ends of the legs 2536 of the staple 2 534 contact the pockets 2350 formed in the bottom surface 2341 of the anvil 2340, they are folded over to close the staples 2534.

Various end effectors of the present invention include an elongate channel 2302 that is sized to removably receive and support the cartridge body 2502 and pan 2510 of a disposable cartridge 2500 therein. A knife screw 2304 is rotatably supported in the elongate channel 2302. The knife screw 2304 has a distal end 2306 that has a distal thrust bearing 2308 attached thereto that is rotatably supported by a distal bearing housing 2310 formed in the distal end 2303 of the elongate channel 2302. See FIG. 26. The knife screw 2304 has a central drive portion 2312 with a helical thread formed thereon. The knife screw 2304 further has a smooth extension portion 2314 and a knife screw gear 2316 formed thereon or otherwise attached thereto. A proximal thrust bearing 2318 is formed or attached to the proximal end 2317 of the knife screw 2304. The proximal thrust bearing 2318 is rotatably housed within a proximal bearing housing 2319 supported in a distal spine tube segment 2058. The distal spine tube segment 2058 has a pair of columns 2059 formed on its distal end that are adapted to be received in vertical slots 2307 formed in the proximal end 2305 of the elongate channel 2302. The columns 2059 may be retained within the slots 2307 in the elongate channel 2302 by friction, adhesive, or by the distal end of the shaft tube 2009. See FIGS. 23 and 26.

Various embodiments of the present invention further include a knife assembly 2320 that has a knife/sled bearing 2322 that is threaded onto the threaded portion 2312 of the knife screw 2304. The knife assembly 2320 supports a vertically extending blade 2324 and a wedge sled 2326 that supports the four sled cams 2328. The reader will understand that, as the knife screw 2304 is rotated in a clockwise direction, the knife assembly 2320 and the wedge sled 2326 is advanced toward the distal end 2303 (direction “A”) of the elongate channel 2302 and, when the knife screw 2304 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the knife assembly 2320 and wedge sled 2326 is moved toward the proximal end 2305 of the channel member 2302 (direction “B”). In addition, the knife assembly 2320 has a pair of laterally extending deflector tabs 2330 protruding therefrom, the purpose of which will be discussed below.

In various embodiments of the present invention, an anvil 2340 is pivotally coupled to the proximal end 2305 of the channel member 2302 by a pair of trunnion tabs 2342 that are sized to be received in oval-shaped pivot holes 2700 provided through the side walls 2309 of the elongate channel 2302. In various embodiments, the anvil 2340 may be stamped from sheet metal or other material such that the trunnion tabs 2342 are substantially rectangular or square shaped. In other embodiments, the anvil 2340 may be molded or machined from other materials such that it is rigid in nature and the trunnion tabs or pins are substantially round. As can be seen in FIGS. 29 and 53, the bottom surface 2341 of the anvil 2340 has a series of staple forming pockets 2350 formed therein. It will be understood that the staple forming pockets 2350 serve to close the staples 2534 as the ends of the staple legs 2536 are forced into contact therewith. In addition, a longitudinal clearance slot 2343 may be provided in the bottom surface 2341 of the anvil 2340 for receiving the upper end of the knife assembly 2320 and the guide tabs 2330 therethrough such that the laterally extending guide tabs 2330 serve to urge the anvil 2340 down onto the elongated channel 2302 as the knife assembly 2320 and wedge sled 2326 are driven through the cartridge 2500 to cut the tissue and deploy the staples 2534.

A drive assembly for operating various embodiments of the end effector 2300 will now be described. In various embodiments, a distal drive shaft portion 2402 extends through a drive shaft hole 2061 in the distal spine tube 2058. See FIG. 26. The distal drive shaft portion 2402 may extend directly to a drive motor arrangement 2600 in the control handle 2006 or it may be articulated to enable the end effector 2300 to be pivoted relative to the shaft or closure tube assembly that connects the end effector 2300 to the control handle 2006.

As can be seen in FIGS. 32-35, in various embodiments of the present invention the distal drive shaft portion 2402 has a clutch-receiving portion 2404 and a closure thread 2406 formed thereon. A clutch assembly 2410 is slidably received on the clutch-receiving portion 2404 of the drive shaft portion 2402. In various embodiments, the clutch assembly 2410 includes a collet-like tapered clutch member 2412 that has a drive gear 2414 integrally formed on its proximal end 2413. See FIGS. 36 and 37. The drive gear 2414 meshes with a transfer gear 2450 that in turn meshes with the knife screw gear 2316. See FIGS. 30 and 31. Thus, when the clutch assembly 2410 drivingly engages the distal drive shaft portion 2402, the drive gear 2414 rotates the transfer gear 2450 which, in turn rotates the knife screw gear 2316.

A series of four tapered sections 2416 are formed on the distal end 2415 of the tapered clutch member 2412. A series of male splines 2418 are formed in the interior of the tapered sections 2416. See FIGS. 36 and 37. The male splines 2418 are adapted to selectively engage a female spline section 2408 formed on the distal drive shaft portion 2402 as will be discussed in further detail below. See FIGS. 32-35. The clutch assembly 2410 further includes a clutch plate 2420 that is received on the tapered sections 2416 of the tapered clutch member 2412. As can be seen in FIGS. 38 and 39, the clutch plate 2420 has a proximal hub portion 2422 and a distal hub portion 2424 that is separated by a flange portion 2426. A cylindrical distal hole portion 2428 extends through the distal hub portion 2424 and a tapered proximal hole 2430 extends through the flange portion 2426 and the proximal hub portion 2422. The hole portions 2428, 2430 enable the clutch plate 2420 to be slidably received on the drive shaft 2402 and slide onto the tapered clutch member 2412. A clutch opening spring 2432 is provided between a flange portion 2417 formed on the tapered clutch member 2412 and the flange portion 2426 of the clutch plate 2420 and a thrust bearing 2434 is also journaled on the clutch-receiving portion 2404 adjacent to the clutch plate 2420. See FIGS. 43 and 44.

Also in various embodiments, a closure nut 2440 is received on the distal drive shaft portion 2402. As can be seen in FIGS. 34, 35, 40 and 41, the closure nut 2440 has a threaded hole portion 2442 extending partially therethrough to enable it to be threaded onto the closure thread 2406 on the distal drive shaft portion 2402. As can be further seen in those Figures, the closure nut 2440 has an upstanding closure ramp 2444 protruding therefrom. The top of the closure ramp 2444 terminates in a radiused portion 2446 that extends to an upstanding closure tab 2448 that is adapted to engage a downwardly protruding closure hook 2346 formed on the proximal end 2345 of anvil 2340.

More specifically and with reference to FIG. 43, the proximal end 2345 of the anvil 2340 has an anvil closure arm portion 2347 protruding proximally therefrom that terminates in a downwardly extending closure hook 2346. As can also be seen in that Figure, the bottom surface of the anvil closure arm 2347 has a tab relief groove 2348 therein for receiving the closure tab 2348 when the closure nut 2440 is advanced to its most distal position (shown in FIGS. 49-52). Also in various embodiments, a closure lock spring 2460 is attached to the bottom of the elongate channel 2302, by mechanical fastener arrangements or adhesive. The closure lock spring 2460 has an upper portion 2462 that terminates in an upstanding retainer lip 2464. In addition, longitudinally extending retainer arm 2466 is rigidly attached to the upper portion 2462 of the closure lock spring 2460. See FIG. 26.

Various embodiments of the present invention employ an anvil 2340 that is capable of moving axially and laterally relative to the elongate channel 2302 prior to being advanced to the closed position. More specifically and with reference to FIGS. 42-52, in various embodiments, the elongate channel 2302 is stamped or otherwise formed from sheet metal or the like and the pivot holes may be punched therein. Such construction leads to reduced manufacturing costs for the end effector. Other embodiments may be machined from rigid materials such as 2416 stainless steel such that the trunnion pins are substantially round in cross-section. Regardless of which manufacturing method is employed to manufacture the anvil 2340 and the resulting shape of the trunnion tabs 2342, as can be seen in FIGS. 43, 46, 48, 50, and 54, the pivot holes 2700 are oval or oblong and serve to afford the trunnion tabs 2342 with the ability to move axially back and forth and up and down in their corresponding pivot hole 2700. As can be seen in FIG. 54, the trunnion tabs 2342 may have a length “X” of, for example, approximately 0.060 inches and a height “Y” of, for example, approximately 0.050 inches. The pivot holes 2700 have a proximal wall portion 2702, a distal wall portion 2704, an upper wall portion 2706 and a lower wall portion 2708. In various embodiments, for example, the distance “L” between the proximal wall 2702 and the distal wall 2704 may be approximately 0.120 inches and the distance “H” between the upper wall portion 2706 and lower wall portion 2708 may be approximately 0.090 inches. See FIG. 54. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that these distances and tolerances may, in connection with various embodiments, be somewhat dictated by the manufacturing tolerances attainable by the processes used to manufacture the anvil 2340 and the elongate channel 2302. In other embodiments, however, the distances “H”, “L”, “X”, and “Y” may be sized relative to each other to enable the anvil 2340 to travel along a closing path that is relatively substantially parallel to the top surface of a cartridge 2500 supported in the elongate channel 2302. Such arrangement serves to prevent or minimize the likelihood of tissue from being rolled out of between the anvil and the cartridge during clamping. Thus, these dimensions are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting. The trunnion tabs 2342 and the pivot holes 2700 may have other sizes, shapes and dimensions relative to each other that differ from such exemplary dimensions given herein that nevertheless enable those components to operate in the unique and novel manner of various embodiments of the present invention as described herein.

This ability of the trunnion tabs 2342 to travel within their respective pivot hole 2700 in the side walls of the 2309 of the elongate channel 2302 can be appreciated from reference to FIGS. 42-48. As can be seen in each of those Figures, the closure nut 2440 is in its distal-most open position. When in that position, the retainer lip 2464 of the closure lock spring is biased under the closure nut 2440 and does not restrict the travel thereof. FIGS. 42 and 43 illustrate the trunnion tabs 2342 adjacent the proximal end wall portions 2702 of the pivot holes. FIGS. 45 and 24 illustrate the trunnion tabs 2342 after they have crept somewhat midway between the proximal end wall portion 2702 and the distal end wall portion 2704 of the pivot hole 2700. FIGS. 47 and 48 illustrate the trunnion tabs 2342 after they have crept to a position adjacent the distal end wall portions 2704 of the pivot holes 2700. Thus, in various embodiments, the trunnion tabs 2342 are loosely received within their respective pivot holes 2700 and capable of moving axially, laterally and vertically or in combinations of such directions therein.

FIGS. 49-52 illustrate the anvil 2340 in a closed position. As can be seen in FIG. 50, the trunnion tabs 2342 are in abutting contact with a proximal end wall portion 2702 of the pivot hole 2700. When in that position (i.e., when the trunnion tabs 2342 are held in abutting contact with proximal end wall portion 2702), the staple-forming pockets 2350 in the bottom surface 2341 of the anvil 2340 are in axial registration with corresponding staple-receiving pockets 2512 in the cartridge 2500 seated in the elongate channel 2302 such that when the staples 2534 are fired, they are correctly formed by the corresponding pockets 2350 in the anvil 2340. The anvil 2340 is locked in that position by the retainer lip 2464 portion of the closure lock spring 2460 as will be discussed in further detail below.

Also in various embodiments, the anvil 2340 is capable of moving laterally relative to the elongate channel due to manufacturing tolerances in the fabrication of the trunnion tabs 2342 and the pivot holes 2700. As can be seen in FIGS. 24-26, 42, 45, 49, and 53, in various embodiments, the anvil 2340 is provided with a pair of downwardly extending tissue stops 2344. During the clamping process, the tissue stops 2344 essentially perform two functions. One of the functions consists of orienting the tissue 2900 within the end effector 2300 so as to prevent the tissue 2900 from extending axially into the end effector 2300 such that it extends beyond the innermost staple pockets 2512 in the cartridge 2500 when seated in the elongate channel 2302. See FIG. 45. This prevents tissue 2900 from being cut that is not stapled. The other function performed by the tissue stops 2344 is to axially align the anvil 2340 relative to the elongate channel 2302 and ultimately to the cartridge 2500 received therein. As the anvil 2340 is closed, the tissue stops 2344 serve to contact corresponding alignment surfaces 2720 on the side of the elongate channel 2302 and serve to laterally align the anvil 2340 relative to the elongate channel 2302 when the anvil 2340 is closed and clamping tissue 2900 such that the staple-forming pockets 2350 in the bottom surface 2341 of the anvil 2340 are laterally aligned with the corresponding staple-receiving pockets 2512 in the cartridge 2500. See FIGS. 49 and 53.

The operation of various embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 42-51. FIGS. 42-48 illustrate the closure nut 2440 in an open position. As can be seen in those Figures, when in the open position, the closure nut 2440 is located such that the hook arm 2346 is permitted to move to various positions relative thereto that enable the anvil 2340 to pivot open to permit tissue 2900 to be inserted between the anvil 2340 and the elongated channel 2302 and cartridge 2500 seated therein. When in this position, the distal end 2467 of the retainer arm 2466 that is attached to the closure lock spring 2460 is in contact with a ramp surface 2321 formed on the proximal end of the knife assembly 2320. See FIG. 44. As the knife assembly 2320 moves proximally, the end of the retainer arm 2466 contacts the ramp surface 2321 on the proximal end of the knife assembly 2320 and serves to cause the retainer arm 2466 to bias the upper portion 2462 of the closure lock spring 2460 downward toward the bottom of the elongate channel 2302. When the knife assembly 2320 moves distally away from the retainer arm 2466, the upper portion 2462 of the closure lock spring 2460 is permitted to spring upward to enable the retainer lip 2464 to engage the closure nut 2440 as will be further discussed below.

The reader will appreciate that when the end effector 2300 is in the open positions depicted in FIGS. 42-48, the user can install a disposable cartridge assembly 2500 in the elongate member 2302. Also, when in those positions, the anvil 2340 may be able to move axially, laterally and vertically relative to the elongate channel 2302. In various embodiments, when the drive shaft 2402 is rotated in a first direction, the closure thread 2406 thereon threadably drives the closure nut 2440 in the proximal direction (direction “B” in FIG. 30) until the closure threads 2406 disengage the threaded hole 2442 in the closure nut 2440. See FIG. 35. As the closure nut 2440 is driven proximally, the closure hook 2346 on the anvil closure arm 2347 rides up the ramp 2444 of the closure nut 2440 until it rides into the radiused portion 2446 and contacts the closure tab 2448. Such movement of the closure nut 2440 serves to “pull” the anvil 2340 to the closed position. See FIGS. 49-51. When in that position, the trunnion tabs 2342 are in abutting contact with the proximal end portion 2702 of the pivot holes 2700 and the retainer lip 2464 of the closure lock spring has engaged the distal end 2441 of the closure nut 2440 to retain the anvil 2340 in the fully closed and axially aligned position. When also in that position, by virtue of the contact of the tissue stops 2344 with the alignment surfaces 2720 on the side walls 2309 of the elongate channel 2302, the anvil 2340 is laterally aligned with the elongate channel 2302 so that the staple forming pockets 2350 in the anvil 2340 are laterally aligned with corresponding the staple-receiving pockets 2512 in the cartridge 2500.

As the closure nut 2440 is driven in the proximal direction, the proximal end 2449 of the closure nut 2440 contacts the thrust bearing 2434 which forces the clutch plate 2420 in the proximal direction against the force of clutch opening spring 2432. Further travel of the closure nut 2440 in the proximal direction drives the clutch plate 2420 onto the tapered sections 2416 of the tapered clutch member 2412 which causes the male splines 2418 therein to engage the female splines 2408 on the distal drive shaft portion 2402. Such engagement of the male splines 2418 in the tapered clutch member 2412 with the female splines on the distal drive shaft portion 2402 causes the tapered clutch member 2412 and the drive gear 2414 to rotate with the distal drive shaft portion 2402. Drive gear 2414, in turn, rotates the knife screw gear 2316 which causes the knife screw to rotate and drive the knife assembly distally (“A” direction).

As the knife assembly 2320 is driven distally, it cuts the tissue and the cams 2328 on the wedge sled 2326 serve to drive the staple supporting drivers 2532 upward which drive the staples 2534 toward the anvil 2340. As the legs 2536 of the staples 2534 are driven into the corresponding staple-forming pockets 2350 in the anvil 2340, they are folded over. See FIG. 29.

When the knife assembly 2320 moves distally, the distal end 2467 of the retainer arm 2466 is no longer in contact with the ramp surface 2321 of the knife assembly 2320 which enables the retainer arm 2466 and the upper portion 2462 of the closure lock spring 2460 to spring upwardly which further enables the retainer lip 2464 on the closure lock spring 2460 to retainingly engage the distal end 2441 of the closure nut 2440 to prevent it from moving distally. See FIGS. 50 and 51. By virtue of its contact with the closure nut 2440 which is in contact with the thrust bearing 2434, the retainer lip 2464 serves to retain the clutch assembly 2410 engaged with the distal drive shaft portion 2402 until the knife assembly 2320 once again returns to contact the distal end 2467 of the retainer arm 2464. After the knife assembly 2320 has been driven to its final distal position as shown in FIG. 52, it activates a conventional sensor or contact 2313 mounted within the elongate channel 2302 and signals the control motor to stop driving the drive shaft 2402. See FIG. 26. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that a variety of different control arrangements could be employed to control the drive shaft 2402. For example, when the knife assembly 2310 reaches its distal-most position and activates the sensor 2313, the control system 2610 housed within the handle 2006 could automatically reverse the drive motor 2600 therein and cause the drive shaft portion 2402 and knife screw to reverse direction (e.g., move in the proximal “B” direction). In various other embodiments, the control system 2610 may simply stop the drive motor 2600 and then require the surgeon to activate a button 2030 to cause the motor 2600 to reverse. In still other arrangements, the control system 2610 may institute a predetermined timed delay between the time that the reversing sensor 2313 is activated and the time that the motor 2600 is reversed.

As the knife assembly 2320 moves in the proximal direction on the knife screw 2304, the closure threads 2406 on the drive shaft 2402 begin to screw back into the threaded hole portion 2442 in the closure nut 2440. During this process, the ramp surface 2321 of the knife assembly 2320 again contacts the distal end 2467 of the retainer arm 2466 which serves to bias the upper portion 2462 of the closure lock spring 2460 toward the bottom of the elongate channel 2302 to permit the retainer lip 2464 to disengage from the distal end 2441 of the closure nut 2440 thereby permitting the clutch opening spring 2432 to bias the clutch assembly 2410 and closure nut 2440 distally. As the closure nut 2440 moves distally, the closure hook 2346 on the anvil 2340 rides up the ramp 2444 on the closure nut 2440 until the closure nut 2440 reaches the open position wherein the closure tab 2448 is received within the tab relief groove 2348 in the bottom surface 2341 of the anvil 2340 and the closure nut 2440 moves the anvil assembly 2372 to the open position. A second conventional sensor or contact 2315 is mounted within the proximal end portion 2305 of the elongate channel 2302 for sensing when the closure nut 2440 is in the open position and communicates with the motor to cause it to stop. See FIG. 26.

As indicated above, a variety of different motor/control arrangements may be employed to power the drive shaft portion 2402. For example, in various embodiments when the closure trigger 2018 is actuated, that is, drawn in by a user of the instrument 2010, the motor 2600 may commence the above described closing process. A third sensor 2315′ may be used in the elongate channel member 2302 to sense when the closure nut 2404 has moved into the closed position (shown in FIG. 50). When the third sensor 2315′ senses that the closure nut 2440 is in that position, the sensor 2315′ may cause the motor 2600 to stop rotating. Thereafter, if the surgeon is satisfied with the clamping of the tissue in the end effector 2300, the surgeon may actuate the firing trigger 2020 or other actuator arrangement to activate the motor 2600 to rotate the drive shaft 2402 which drives the knife screw 2304 in the above-mentioned manner.

Another drive arrangement is depicted in FIGS. 55-57. In this embodiment, a closure wedge 2440′ is axially moved by a manual drive assembly 2800. More specifically and with reference to FIG. 55, the proximal end 2802 of the drive shaft 2402′ is has a drive gear 2810 attached thereto. Although a variety of different gear and motor arrangements may be employed, the drive gear 2810 may be oriented for selective meshing engagement with a gear train or transmission assembly generally designated as 2820 that is ultimately driven my motor 2600. The drive shaft 2402′ is movably supported by a proximal spine tube segment 2820 that is pivotally coupled to the distal spine tube segment 2058 as described in various of the U.S. Patent Applications incorporated by reference herein above and rigidly attached to the housing portions 2007 of the handle 2006. In other arrangements wherein the end-effector is not capable of articulating travel, the distal spine tube 2058 may be longer and rigidly coupled to the sections 2007 of the handle 2006. Regardless of which spine tube arrangement is employed, the drive shaft 2402′ is axially and rotatably received therein such that the drive shaft 2402′ can move axially in the distal and proximal directions and also rotate when engaged with the motor 2600.

Various methods may be employed to mechanically move the drive shaft 2402′ in the distal and proximal directions. For example, as shown in FIG. 55, a thrust bearing assembly 2830 may be attached to the drive shaft 2402′ for selective contact by a control linkage assembly 2840. As can be seen in that Figure, the control linkage assembly 2840 may be linked to the closure trigger 2018 and capable of biasing the drive shaft 2402′ in the proximal (“B”) direction when the closure 2018 is pivoted in the proximal direction, the control linkage assembly contacts the thrust bearing and pulls the drive shaft 2402 in the proximal direction.

Turning next to FIGS. 56 and 57, as can be seen in these Figures, the distal end 2406′ of the drive shaft is rotatably supported within a closure wedge 2440′ that is similar in construction as closure nut 2440 as described above. In particular, the closure wedge 2440′ has a proximal hole 2442′ and a distal hole portion 2443′ that is larger in diameter than the proximal hole portion 2442′. The distal end 2406′ of the drive shaft 2402′ is rotatably supported in the distal hole portion 2443′by a bearing 2445′. The distal end portion 2406′ of the drive shaft 2406′ is longer than the hole 2403′ such that as the drive shaft 2402′ moves distally and proximally, it cannot become disengaged from the wedge 2440′. The wedge 2440′ also has a closure ramp portion 2444′, a radiused portion 2446′, and a closure tab 2448′ formed thereon. As can be seen in FIGS. 56 and 57, a drive gear 2414′ is attached to the drive shaft 2402′ and is adapted to mesh with the transfer gear 2450 that is in meshing engagement with the knife screw gear 2316.

In these embodiments, when the user wishes to close the anvil 2340, the user moves the closure trigger 2018 toward the handle 2006. This action causes the control linkage assembly 2840 to move the drive shaft 2402′ in the proximal direction and pull the wedge 2440′ proximally. As the wedge 2440′ moves proximally, the closure hook 2346 on the proximal end 2345 of the anvil 2340 rides up the ramp portion 2444′ thereon until the it is seated in the radiused portion 2446′ of the wedge 2440′. The wedge 2440′ gets biased proximally until the retainer lip 2464 engages the distal end 2441′ of the wedge 2440′ as shown in FIG. 57. When in that position, the trunnion tabs 2342 of the anvil 2340 are in engagement with the proximal end portion 2702 of pivot holes 2700 as described above. Also when in that position, the drive gear 2414′ is now in meshing engagement with the transfer gear 2450 (not shown in FIG. 57) that is in meshing engagement with the knife screw gear 2316. Thus, when the drive shaft 2402′ is rotated by activating the control motor, the drive gear 2414′ serves to drive the transfer gear 2450 and the knife screw gear 2316 to drive the knife assembly 2320 in the above described manner. The closure lock spring 2460 and the motor control sensors in the elongate channel operate in the above described manner.

After the drive motor 2600 has reversed the rotation of the drive shaft 2402′ which drives the knife assembly 2320 proximally back to its starting position wherein the ramp surface 2321 contacts the distal end 2467 of the retainer arm 2466, the lip 2464 of the closure lock spring 2460 is biased downwardly to permit the wedge 2440′ to move distally. The user can then release the closure trigger 2018 which is spring biased to the unactuated position shown in FIG. 23. As the closure trigger 2018 returns to the unactuated position, the control linkage assembly 2840 permits the drive shaft 2402′ and wedge 2440′ to move distally and open the anvil 2340 in the above-described manner.

The reader will understand that various embodiments of the present invention provide vast improvements over prior end effectors and end effector drive arrangements. In particular, the various unique and novel drive system of various embodiments of the present invention permit the anvil and elongated channel components of the end effector to be manufactured utilizing materials and processes that are more economical than other materials and processes used in the past without sacrificing performance. In addition, by providing an anvil that can travel along a closing path that is substantially parallel to the elongate channel and staple cartridge housed therein, reduces the likelihood that the tissue will be rolled out of position during the initial closing of the anvil.

Any patent, publication, or information, in whole or in part, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated material does not conflict with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth in this document. As such the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference.

The invention which is intended to be protected is not to be construed as limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. The embodiments are therefore to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Variations and changes may be made by others without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, it is expressly intended that all such equivalents, variations and changes which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the claims be embraced thereby. 

1. A surgical instrument, comprising: an end effector sized to be inserted through a trocar; an elongated shaft assembly coupled to said end effector, said elongated shaft assembly having a distal portion adjacent to said end effector for insertion into the trocar with said end effector and a proximal portion remote from said distal portion such that said proximal portion protrudes from the trocar when the end effector and distal portion are inserted therethrough; and a control handle articulatably coupled to said proximal portion of said elongated shaft assembly.
 2. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein said proximal portion of said elongated shaft assembly comprises: a proximal shaft segment having a first distal end and a first proximal end, said first proximal end coupled to said control handle; a distal shaft segment having a second distal end portion coupled to said end effector and a second proximal end portion sized to protrude out of the trocar when said end effector is inserted through the trocar; and an articulation joint assembly attached to said first distal end of said proximal shaft segment and said second proximal end portion of said distal shaft segment.
 3. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein said proximal shaft segment is rotatably coupled to said control handle for selective rotation relative to said control handle.
 4. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein said articulation joint assembly comprises: a first upper tab protruding from said distal end of said proximal shaft segment; a first lower tab protruding from said distal end of said proximal shaft segment and in spaced relation to said first lower tab; a second upper tab protruding from said second proximal end of said distal shaft segment; a second lower tab protruding from said second proximal end of said distal shaft segment in spaced relation to said second upper tab; an upper double pivot link sized to span between said first and second upper tabs, said upper double pivot link having a first upper pin pivotally coupled to said first upper tab and a second upper pivot pin pivotally coupled to said second upper tab; and a lower double pivot link sized to span between said first and second lower tabs, said lower double pivot link having a first lower pin pivotally coupled to said first lower tab and a second lower pin pivotally coupled to said second lower tab.
 5. The surgical instrument of claim 1, further comprising: a rotatable drive shaft assembly supported within said elongated shaft assembly, said rotatable drive shaft assembly comprising: a distal drive shaft portion operably coupled to an actuator shaft in said end effector; a proximal drive shaft portion operably coupled to a motor supported in said control handle; and a drive shaft articulation joint coupled between said distal drive shaft portion and said proximal drive shaft portion to enable said proximal drive shaft portion to articulate relative to said distal drive shaft portion when said handle is articulated relative to said elongated shaft assembly.
 6. The surgical instrument of claim 5, wherein said drive shaft articulation joint comprises a universal joint.
 7. The surgical instrument of claim 5, wherein said drive shaft articulation joint comprises a torsion cable.
 8. The surgical instrument of claim 5, wherein said drive shaft articulation joint comprises: a central bevel gear rotatably supported between a proximal end of said distal drive shaft portion and a distal end of said proximal drive shaft portion; a first distal bevel gear coupled to said proximal end of said distal drive shaft portion and in meshing engagement with said central bevel gear; and a first proximal bevel gear coupled to said distal end of said proximal drive shaft portion and in meshing engagement with said central bevel gear.
 9. The surgical instrument of claim 1, further comprising a locking system cooperating with said elongated shaft assembly and control handle to selectively lock said control handle in desired positions relative to said elongated shaft assembly.
 10. The surgical instrument of claim 2, wherein said elongated shaft has an elongated shaft axis and wherein said articulation joint is constructed to permit said distal closure tube segment to pivot about at least one pivot axis that is substantially transverse to said elongated shaft axis relative to said proximal shaft segment.
 11. The surgical instrument of claim 10, wherein said first upper pin and said first lower pin are aligned to define a first pivot axis that is substantially transverse to said elongated shaft axis and wherein said second upper pin and said second lower pin are aligned to define a second pivot axis that is substantially transverse to said elongated shaft axis.
 12. The surgical instrument of claim 2, further comprising: a distal drive shaft portion operably coupled to an actuator shaft in said end effector and operably supported within said distal shaft segment; a proximal drive shaft portion operably coupled to a motor supported in said control handle and operably supported within said proximal shaft segment; and a drive shaft articulation joint coupled between said distal drive shaft portion and said proximal drive shaft portion to enable said proximal drive shaft portion to articulate relative to said distal drive shaft portion when said control handle is articulated relative to said distal shaft segment, said drive shaft articulation joint located within said articulation joint assembly coupling said proximal shaft segment to said distal shaft segment.
 13. The surgical instrument of claim 12, further comprising: a proximal spine tube segment attached to said control handle and received in said proximal shaft segment, said proximal spine tube segment operably supporting a portion of said proximal drive shaft portion therein; and a distal spine tube segment pivotally coupled to said proximal spine tube segment and supported in said distal shaft segment and attached to said end effector, said distal spine tube segment operably supporting said distal drive shaft portion therein.
 14. The surgical instrument of claim 13, wherein said drive shaft articulation joint comprises: a central bevel gear rotatably affixed to a distal end of said proximal spine tube segment and supported between a proximal end of said distal drive shaft portion and a distal end of said proximal drive shaft portion; a first distal bevel gear coupled to said proximal end of said distal drive shaft portion and in meshing engagement with said central bevel gear; and a first proximal bevel gear coupled to said distal end of said proximal drive shaft portion and in meshing engagement with said central bevel gear.
 15. The surgical instrument of claim 9, wherein said universal joint comprises: a proximal yoke member attached to a distal end of said proximal drive shaft portion; a distal yoke member attached to a proximal end of said distal drive shaft portion; and a central joint body pivotally coupled to said proximal and distal yoke members.
 16. The surgical instrument of claim 15, wherein said central body member is pivotally pinned to said proximal yoke member for pivotal travel about a proximal pivot axis that is substantially transverse to an elongated shaft axis and wherein said central body is pivotally pinned to the distal yoke axis for pivotal travel about a distal axis that is substantially transverse to said elongated shaft axis.
 17. The surgical instrument of claim 16, wherein said proximal pivot axis is substantially transverse to said distal pivot axis.
 18. The surgical instrument of claim 13, further comprising a locking system cooperating with said elongated shaft assembly and control handle to selectively lock said control handle in desired positions relative to said elongated shaft assembly.
 19. The surgical instrument of claim 18, wherein said locking system comprises an actuator assembly operably supported on said instrument and movable between a locked position and an unlocked position, said actuator assembly communicating with said distal spine segment such that when said actuator assembly is in said locked position, said proximal spine tube assembly is prevented from articulating relative to said distal spine tube assembly and when said actuator assembly is in said unlocked position, said proximal spine tube segment can articulate with respect to said distal spine tube segment.
 20. The surgical instrument of claim 19, wherein said actuator assembly comprises: a push button assembly movably supported within a housing supported on the control handle, said push button assembly comprising: a push button portion; a yoke portion attached to said push button portion, said yoke portion supporting said proximal end of said proximal shaft segment therein, said proximal end of said proximal shaft segment supporting said proximal spine tube segment therein, said yoke portion having a first gear attached thereto; a cable wheel rotatably supported in said proximal spine tube segment that is supported within said proximal end of said proximal shaft segment supported within said yoke portion, said cable wheel having a second gear attached thereto for selective meshing engagement with said first gear; a right tension cable attached to said cable wheel and a right side of a proximal end of said distal spine segment; a left tension cable attached to said cable wheel and a left side of said proximal end of said distal spine segment; and a biaser between said housing and said push button assembly to bias said first gear into meshing engagement with said second gear, when said push button is not activated and to permit said second gear to unmesh with said first gear upon application of an activation force to said push button portion. 21-26. (canceled) 